What is bronchitis in children?

Bronchitis is an inflammation in the large airways (pipes that transfer the air in the lungs). In the most cases, it is caused by viruses and less frequently by bacteria and allergens. Bronchitis can present with cough (wet or dry), runny nose, fever, pain in muscles and joints, decrease appetite and fatigue.

The above symptoms usually last few days 5-7 but the cough can last for 3 to 4 weeks or even months. Diagnosis is made through the history and clinical exam, although sometimes the doctor might request a chest radiograph, complete blood count or other more specialized tests.

In the event of acute bronchitis, where cough lasts less than 2 weeks, there are no complications or underlying conditions, the cause is usually a virus and it is not necessary to receive antibiotics.  The condition will run its course and symptoms will self-resolve. In chronic bronchitis, where symptoms last more than 4 weeks, antibiotic treatment might be indicated while in these chronic cases, evaluation by pediatric pulmonologist is recommended.

Despite the fact that bronchitis usually represents a viral respiratory infection that is self-limited and has no complications, parents should be alerted when their child has high fever that lasts more than 3 days, has decrease intake of food and water, is lethargic, has difficulty breathing, noisy breathing, chest pain and coughs out blood. In these cases, it is necessary for the child to be evaluated by the pediatrician and the pediatric pulmonologist.